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Pre-Reading Activities

A: Interview

 How does the weather affect you? Ask your partner the following questions.

How do you feel when...

  1. ...it is sunny and very hot?
  2. ...it is sunny and warm?
  3. ...it is cloudy and hot?
  4. ...it is cloudy and cold?
  5. ...it has just begun to rain?
  6. ...it has been raining for a long time?
  7. ...it has just begun to snow?
  8. ...there has been snow on the ground for a long time?

What is your favorite kind of weather? Why?

What is your favorite season? Why?

B: Vocabulary

Today's article has some words about the weather. Match the words in bold from the article with their meanings.

Words

  1. The balmy weather in early summer is very nice for going to the beach.
  2. The clouds caused it to be a very gloomy day.
  3. We had to drive slowly because the fog made it difficult to see.
  4. When the weather is chilly, I prefer to sleep-in rather than get up.
  5. The blustery conditions made it very difficult to serve the ball during the tennis match.

    Meanings

    1. A low thick cloud
    2. Cold weather
    3. Little sunlight, dark
    4. Mild and warm weather
    5. Windy weather

C: Predicting

Look at the headline of today's article: "Cool Summer Has Southern Californians Feeling Gloomy". We learnt one definition of gloomy in the vocabulary activity above, but there is another definition. With a partner discuss what you think gloomy in the headline might mean.




Reading Activities

A: Comprehension

Read the questions below then find the answers in the article.

  1. Why are people from Los Angeles (LA) complaining about the weather?



  2. What is the reason for this unusual weather?



  3. How do people in LA feel?



  4. What have the average temperatures been?



  5. What is the temperature normally in June?



  6. What usually keeps the June mornings cold along the coast?



  7. How long do weather experts predict the La Nina phenomenon to last?



  8. Who is not unhappy about the cold weather?



  9. Why is the air temperature over the sea-water cold?



  10. Where does the television show "Baywatch" do its filming now?


Cool Summer Has Southern Californians Feeling Gloomy
By Dan Whitcomb

LOS ANGELES Friday June 4 (Reuters) - It's a bummer, dude.

This city of sun-worshippers, beach goddesses, surfers and sun-seeking tourists is doing something it seldom does -- complaining about the weather.

Normally balmy Los Angeles is enduring a spell of unusually cool and cloudy weather, courtesy of a weather phenomenon called La Nina -- and predictions are that it could last all summer. It is the talk of the town.

"Weird weather has suddenly become the norm," local KNBC weatherman Fritz Coleman told tense TV listeners recently.

The natives are restless, feeling more gloomy than groovy, and they all seemed to have donned sweaters and coats to battle a "June Gloom" they fear will never lift.

The cloudy weather has been the second or third item on the evening TV news for days and the staple of radio talk shows, pushing such issues as Kosovo off the map for Angelenos.

Temperatures have averaged 50 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit (10 and 21 degrees Celsius), five to 10 degrees Fahrenheit (two to five degrees Celsius) cooler than normal.

"It's a big topic down here," said John Moryl, a lifeguard at Santa Monica's beach. "All the patrons complain about it. It's not every June that it rains all night," he said referring to a winter-like storm earlier in the week.

Southern Californians are familiar with "June Gloom" -- the low clouds and morning fog that can keep the coast chilly, especially in the morning. As any dedicated surfer knows, the fog usually lifts and weather gets warm by afternoon. And the fog disappears by July.

But some weather experts are predicting that this year La Nina -- a sister to the El Nino phenomenon which unleashed unusually rainy weather on Southern California last year -- will blot out the sun for much of the next three months.

"Today looks like February down here," Moryl said, looking out over the Pacific Ocean. "It's very blustery and there's a cold wind out of the west. Its more like January or February and it's June 3rd already."

Lifeguards, who are using heaters in their wooden towers, have had complaints from unhappy beach-goers, said Moryl.

"Oh, yeah, they casually remark to the lifeguards that it's not very summer-like down here," he said.

The only people who don't mind the gloomy weather are surfers who hope the storms will kick up a few good waves and keep the beach bums at bay and out of their way.

"Dude, its been totally gloomy, and the water's totally cold. But everybody I know could care less if it was super cloudy all year, as long as the waves are good," said surfer Jason Regehr, 25.

Dave Danielson, a spokesman for the National Weather Service, said the "Summer of Gloom" can be blamed on La Nina, which cools the water temperature off California's coast. That, in turn, cools the air temperature over the water, creating an "inversion layer" beneath the warm air of the upper atmosphere. As a result the clouds and fog on the coast are trapped.

"Basically in a La Nina year it's not unusual to have colder-than-normal temperatures along the coast," he said. "And you'll also see a stronger than normal sea-breeze, which tends to bring clouds in and make them persist a little longer."

Danielson said his office has not predicted a summer-long trend. "You can't say something is going to happen for the next three months.''

Meanwhile, that famous TV program celebrating Los Angeles sun and surf, "Baywatch," has moved out of town -- to Hawaii, where the skies are blue and sunny all day. It must have known that "June Gloom" was headed this way.

Copyright 1999 Reuters Limited.

B: Finding the Main Idea

Newspaper articles usually have a paragraph near the beginning of the article that gives the main idea of the story. Read the first five paragraphs carefully and choose the paragraph you feel gives the main idea. Then discuss your answer with a partner.


C: Vocabulary

Guessing Unfamiliar Words: Find the words in bold in the article and, without using a dictionary, write 'T' if the definition is true according to the article or 'F' if it is false.

  1. A spell is a period of time.
  2. If you don a sweater, you knit a sweater yourself.
  3. Staple in this sentence means the main topic of conversation.
  4. To unleash something means to keep it under control.
  5. If something is blotted out, it means it is forgotten by everyone.

D: Language

Cause and Effect Signals: Different words are used to describe the cause or effect of a process. Read the sentences which describe the La Nina process. Write down any words that signal cause or effect.

1. The cold sea-water is due to the La Nina phenomenon.

2. The cold sea-water causes the air temperature over the water to cool.

3. The cool air leads to an inversion layer effect beneath the warm air of the upper atmosphere.

4. As a result, the clouds and fog on the coast are trapped.

5. La Nina has brought about a lot of unhappiness to Southern California.



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